1. Fat-Tree In 1985, Charles E. Leiserson of MIT invented the Fat-Tree network. As shown in the figure below, a fat-tree network is a binary tree in which bandwidth gradually increases from the root nodes down to the leaf nodes. In August 2008, a group of computer scientists at UC San Diego published a scalable network architecture design that adopted a topology inspired by the fat-tree topology, achieving better scalability than previous hierarchical networks.

1. Application Architecture Matches Business Growth and Operations Capability At industry conferences, in documents and blogs, we constantly see all kinds of excellent solutions — but if you copy them straight into your own business, you keep hitting walls. Because these technical solutions were incubated in specific business scenarios; different business forms, different business scales, and different stages of business development all affect how technology lands.