1. What Is RAID RAID technology combines multiple physical hard drives into a single logical hard drive, so the operating system sees it as one storage device. There are two ways to implement RAID: hardware and software. A hardware implementation is a RAID controller, a standalone hardware device responsible for RAID control and management.

2025 Intrinsic Fingerprint of LLMs [Published: 07-04] View The paper proposes a robust fingerprinting method based on the inter-layer standard-deviation distribution pattern of attention parameter matrices (Q/K/V/O), used to detect lineage relationships between large language models (LLMs) — for example, whether one model was derived from another through continued training, fine-tuning, or an upgrade.

1. Direct IO Direct IO bypasses the operating system’s page cache and interacts with hardware devices directly. Characteristics of Direct IO: Lots of new data, so no caching is needed Low memory footprint Sequential reads and writes of large files For synchronous read operations above a threshold (1MB by default), the 3FS client converts them into AIO operations (opening the file in Direct IO mode) to improve read performance.

Notes on some DeepSeek 3FS operations, continually updated. 1. Basic Concepts and Cautions Chain A Chain is made up of several Targets, and each Target is a replica of the storage. When all commits are ready, all Targets in a Chain are consistent. Targets on the same Chain cannot be on the same node.

1. Deployment Plan Before starting the containerized deployment, a few requirements: To simplify delivery, only one image is needed For reliability, deploy as many replicas as possible Start different services through different parameters Inject configuration through environment variables and render it into configuration files Below is the deployment plan for DeepSeek 3FS: