This article covers single-node validation and three-node production deployment with cephadm. For architecture, operations, and functional testing, see Ceph Architecture and Operations. 1. Disk Preparation An OSD can only use a block device (/dev/sdX, a partition, /dev/loopN). 1.1 Inspecting Available Devices 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 lsblk -o

Ceph is a unified distributed storage system that supports block storage (RBD), object storage (RGW), and file storage (CephFS). The official cephadm can orchestrate each daemon as a container (Docker, or Podman + Containerd); see Deploying Ceph in Containers for details. 1. Architecture 1.1 Topology and Data Paths The diagram below shows a common five-node topology (3 MON + 2 MGR + 5 OSD): MONs only need to come in odd numbers, and in a five-node deployment 3 is enough (tolerating one MON failure); 5 MONs tolerate 2 failures, but the metadata overhead is larger, so there is generally no need to run a MON on every machine.

VictoriaMetrics (VM for short) is a time-series database compatible with the Prometheus ecosystem. It uses fewer resources than Prometheus and comes in both single-node and cluster editions. The single-node edition can directly replace Prometheus storage; the cluster edition splits reads, writes, and storage across vmstorage / vminsert / vmselect, giving it stronger horizontal scaling.

1. Starting the Container Set the image 1 export IMAGE=nousresearch/hermes-agent:v2026.6.5 Set directory permissions 1 2 mkdir -p hermes-agent-home chmod -R 777 hermes-agent-home Set environment variables 1 2 3 cat <<EOF > hermes-agent-home/.env GATEWAY_ALLOW_ALL_USERS=true EOF Start hermes-agent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 nerdctl run -d \

1. Start the Container Set the image 1 export IMAGE=ghcr.io/openclaw/openclaw:2026.3.2 Generate a random token 1 openssl rand -hex 32 Set the gateway token 1 export OPENCLAW_GATEWAY_TOKEN=xxx This token is used for authentication on both the remote web UI and the local TUI. Set directory permissions 1 2 mkdir -p openclaw-home