1. Raise the Level of Automation Remote builds usually need the help of some CI tool, such as GitHub Actions, Travis CI, and so on. In an intranet environment, you can use GitLab CI and add a CI node for automated builds — see my GitLab documentation. The benefits of automation go without saying: it standardizes processes, saves a great deal of time, and delivers clear returns.

1. Create a merge commit PR commit log: 1 2 commit c1 commit c2 Integration branch commit log: 1 2 3 commit PR #NUM commit c2 commit c1 Create a merge commit carries every commit in the PR over to the integration branch intact, and adds one PR commit entry on top.

1. About Prow In the GitHub repositories of well-known projects such as Kubernetes and Istio, we often see an xxx-bot user adding labels to issues and merging PRs. That bot account is driven by Prow. Prow is a project of the Kubernetes Testing Special Interest Group and is currently part of kubernetes/test-infra.

1. Test Layering The purpose of testing is to verify expected behavior and uncover latent defects. Testing strengthens confidence that a qualified product can be delivered, and it is what makes agile iteration possible. You could say that testing determines the development pace of a product. The network model has the seven-layer OSI and the four-layer TCP, while development patterns include MTV, MVC, MVP, MVVM, and so on.

1. Jenkins Working Modes Jenkins has a single-Master, multi-Slave architecture. The Master assigns tasks and manages services. Slaves execute the actual tasks. Even when multiple Masters are deployed, they remain independent of one another and cannot coordinate scheduling. A high-availability Jenkins solution requires an external task distribution framework, such as