1. Overview DevOps (a portmanteau of Development and Operations) is a culture and a movement that values communication and collaboration between software developers (Dev) and IT operations staff (Ops). By automating the processes of “software delivery” and “architecture change,” it makes building, testing, and releasing software faster, more frequent, and more reliable.

1. Frontend Automated Build Tools When dealing with frontend scenarios, you write CSS with Less, HTML with Jade, modularize with Browserify, and add MD5 hashes to resources for non-overwriting deployments. If all this work were done purely by hand, the efficiency would be extremely low. A frontend automated build tool